Akai MPC Renaissance Specifications download pdf (Page 116)

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Controllers can be used for effects such as slowly swelling vibrato, changing the stereo panning

position and influencing filter frequency.

Cutoff

The cutoff frequency is a significant factor for filters. A low-pass filter for example dampens the

portion of the signal that lies above this frequency. Frequencies below this value are allowed to

pass through without being processed.

Decay

Decay describes the descent rate of an envelope once the Attack phase has reached its

maximum and the envelope drops to the level defined by the Sustain value.

Envelope

An envelope is used to modulate a sound-shaping component within a given time. For instance,

an envelope that modulates the cutoff frequency of a filter opens and closes this filter over a

period of time. An envelope is started via a trigger, usually a MIDI Note. The classic envelope

consists of four individually variable phases: Attack, Decay, Sustain and Release. Hence called

an ADSR envelope. Attack, Decay and Release are time or slope values, while Sustain is an

adjustable level. Once an incoming trigger is received, the envelope runs through the Attack and

Decay phases until it reaches the programmed Sustain level. This level remains constant until the

trigger is terminated. The envelope then initiates the Release phase until it reaches the minimum

value.

Filter

A filter is a component that allows some of a signal's frequencies to pass through it and dampens

other frequencies. The most important aspect of a filter is the filter cutoff frequency. Filters

generally come in four categories: low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-stop. A low-pass

filter dampens all frequencies above the cutoff frequency. A high-pass filter in turn dampens the

frequencies below the cutoff. The band-pass filter allows only those frequencies around the cutoff

frequency to pass; all others are dampened. A band-stop filter does just the opposite, i.e., it

dampens only the frequencies around the cutoff frequency. The most common type is the low-

pass filter.

LFO

LFO is an acronym for low-frequency oscillator. The LFO generates a periodic oscillation at a low

frequency and features variable waveshapes. Similar to an envelope, an LFO can be used to

modulate a sound-shaping component.

MIDI

The acronym MIDI stands for "musical instrument digital interface." Developed in the early 1980s,

MIDI enables interaction between various types of electronic music instruments from different

manufacturers. At the time a communications standard for heterogeneous devices did not exist,

so MIDI was a significant advance. It made it possible to link various devices with one another

through simple, standardized connectors.

Essentially, this is how MIDI works: One sender is connected to one or several receivers. For

instance, if you want to use a computer to play a MIDI synthesizer, the computer is the sender

and the synthesizer acts as the receiver. With a few exceptions, the majority of MIDI devices are

equipped with two or three ports for this purpose: MIDI In, MIDI Out and in some cases MIDI Thru.

The sender transfers data to the receiver via the MIDI Out jack. Data are sent via a cable to the

receiver's MIDI In jack.

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Akai MPC Renaissance Specifications Page 116

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